Working with sas formats and sas dates paul dickman. In base sas software, proc format enables you to create your own informats and formats for both. The %sysfunc or %qsysfunc macro function executes sas functions or userdefined functions and applies an optional format to the function outside a data step. This is achieved using the format statement for the date types. As an example, we can convert the id variable used in the previous example from a character variable to a numeric variable in a subsequent data step. Sas requires a minimum w value of 16 to write a sas datetime value with the date, hour, and seconds. If the input does not contain a year expression, then weeku w. The inputn and inputc functions allow you to specify numeric or character informats at run time. In the below exampel the date is read in one format but displayed in another format. The trick would be generating a dataset to define an informat statement. Informats and formats sas tutorials libguides at kent state. The informat statement associates an informat with a variable. Informats is basically used when you read in sample data which is being created using cardsdatalines statement or read or import data from either an external file textexcelcsv.
Sas date, time, and datetime values sas onlinedoc, v8. To create permanent sas formats and informats, see the format. Reference tell ushow satisfied are you with sas documentation. I have written several articles about how to use proc format to create your own custom formats in sas. Sas uses the format to write the values of the variable that you specify. Proc print, for example bmi will always be rounded to 2 decimal places and sex will be displayed according. Date intervals, formats, and functions this chapter summarizes the time intervals, date and datetime informats, date and datetime formats, and date and datetime functions available in the sas system.
Sas uses the informat in any subsequent input statement to read values into the variable. The anydtdte format can not only replace many of the older formats, but it can be used to convert a string like. Third, to avoid sas jumping to next line because of small record length, use truncover option in the infile statement. Provides descriptions and reference information about the base sas formats and informats. Sas permanently associates an informat with the variable by modifying the descriptor information in the sas data set. As for your first question, i know of no format called stimer, which is probably why it isnt recognised. As an example, we can convert the id variable used in the previous example from a character variable to. Working with sas formats and sas dates, anna johansson, feb 2012. In addition to the informats that are supplied with base sas software, you can create your own informats. From the very beginning you are trying to use format input for reading the free format data. Second, never use format input with free format data. Informats tell sas how to read data, while formats tell sas how to write.
Sas date formats and informats informats is used to tell sas how to read a variable whereas formats is used to tell sas how to display or write values of a variable. A short discussion of sas date functions, formats and informats. For a discussion of the use of date and datetime informats, see chapter 3. A format is a layout specification for how a variable should be printed or displayed. In base sas software, proc format allows you to create your own informats and formats for both character and numeric variables. References to sas libraries and external files many sas statements and other language elements refer to sas libraries and external files.
The anydtdte informat reads input data that corresponds to any of the following informats or date, time, or datetime forms and extracts the date part from the derived value. For a complete description of these informats, see sas language reference. As formats informats are a kind of loadables once used as library ddname. This tutorial shows how to use informats and formats to correctly read in data, as well as change how printed data is displayed to the user. For more information on userdefined informats, see the format procedure in the sas procedures guide. To see a list of all internal formats and informats. For more information, see %sysfunc and %qsysfunc functions in sas viya macro language. The process of creating an informat is similar, but because parsing strings is complicated it is often best to write the code into an fcmp function and then define the informat in terms of the function. For example, the following input statement uses two informats. Informats is used to tell sas how to read a variable whereas formats is used to tell sas how to display or write values of a variable.
If the first argument of the input function is a character expression and not a variable, the character expression must include quotation marks. An informat ends with a period, generally specifies the field width, and indicates the form of the value being read. Informats is basically used when you read or import data from either an external file textexcelcsv or read in sample data which was created using cardsdatalines statement. A modified example from sas 9 help and documentation.
Sas can perform calculations on dates ranging from a. Formats and informats concepts and quick reference table. Formats and informats a format is a layout specification for how a variable should be printed or displayed. The dates after being read, can be converted to another format as required by the display. Arthur tabachneck unfortunately this is part of a production process, so i really need a specific informat so i can grab any format errors into the log i am outputting.
Provides comprehensive reference information for the base sas language, which is available in all operating environments that support sas. Using formats and informats is very common in sas programming. For a complete discussion of the input function, see input function in sas functions and call routines. An informat is an instruction that sas uses to read data values into a variable. An informat is a specification for how raw data should be read sas contains many internal predefined formats and informats. When you execute a sas program that uses userdefined informats, these informats should be available. Some format values might differ slightly when the decimalconv system option is set to stdieee.
Sas contains many internal formats and informats, or user defined formats and informats can be constructed using proc format. Working efficiently with sas november 2003 logistic regression in sas version 8 october 2003 cox regression in sas version 9 may 2005 sas tips and tricks with a focus on data cleaning april 2003 slides pdf format from other presenters in the same series. To see a list of all internal formats and informats, type help format in the command line and then click on sas formats and informats in the resulting window. Harnessing the power of sas iso 8601 informats, formats. Sas formats sas informats sas programmerconsultant.
In base sas software, proc format enables you to create your own informats and formats for both character and numeric variables. Sas contains many internal predefined formats and informats. Sas formats control the written appearance of data values. Informat statement informats are typically used to read or input data from external files called flat files text files, ascii files, or sequential files. Alternatively, use the put statement with the colon. It will work for dates not too many not for time to detailed. Add an additional two places to w and a value to d to return values with optional decimal fractions of seconds. The use of these features is explained in chapter 2, working with time series data. Dates before january 1, 1960, are negative numbers. In the first example, sas rounds up the time value four seconds based on the value of seconds in the sas time value. You could think on using an external programmodule like sas r 9.
Sas formats and informats maziworld sas online training videos. Sas functions byten returns one character in the ascii or ebcdic collating sequence where n is an integer representi ng a specific ascii or ebcdic character compblsource. To see a list of all internal formats and informats, type help formats in the command line and then click on. Formats present a value, recognized by sas, such as a time or date value, as a calendar date or clock time in a variety of lengths and notations. The sas system converts date, time and datetime values back and forth between calendar dates and clock times with sas language elements called formats and informats. About sas date, time, and datetime values formats, informats, functions definitions sas date value is a value that represents the number of days between january 1, 1960, and a specified date. Informats and formats informats tell sas how to read data, while formats tell sas how to write or print data. Sas uses the format to write the values of the variable that you. Selects observations from a sas data set that meet certain conditions before sas brings them into the data or proc step for processing. You can choose whether to make the reference through a logical name a libref or fileref or use the physical filename enclosed in quotation marks.
All these examples above result in a numeric value of 0, which represents. The %sysfunc or %qsysfunc macro function executes sas functions or userdefined functions and applies an optional format to the result of the function outside a data step. For an example of a numerictocharacter conversion, see put function in sas functions. This document is organized by data set options, formats, functions and call routines, informats, statements, system. The hhmm format uses asterisks to format values that are outside the time range 024 hours, such as datetime values. My question was more along the line of is there a date informat that is smart enough to not try to read this number the way that sas is doing it. In this example, the input function normally requires a character variable. There is a variable ttime in character form in table a, which represents the transaction time. In the second example, by adding a decimal specification of 2 to the format shows that fiftysix seconds is 93% of a minute. Sas interprets a twodigit year as part of the 100year span that is defined by the yearcutoff system option. For example, the following program writes a numeric value in a macro variable as a dollar amount.
Our tutorials reference a dataset called sample in many examples. Introduction to sas informats and formats sas support. The function datepart computes the date part out of the timestamp vraiable. Sas interprets a twodigit year as belonging to the 100year span that is defined by the yearcutoff system option. Use the put function with a sas format to convert numeric values to character values.
They are used to read external data, to temporarily or permanently change how data are displayed, to categorize, or to look up related values as with a lookup table. Format statement the format statement permanently associates character variables with character formats and numeric variables with numeric formats. Formats, informats and how to program with them lexjansen. To trim leading blanks, use the left function to left align character data.
Writes date values in the form mmdd yy or mmdd yy, where the x in the format name is a character that represents the special character that separates the month, day, and year. An informat is a specification for how raw data should be read. Sas datetime informats are able to convert raw data into a date, time or datetime variable. Post test data and code as text in the code window i above the post or the sas symbol, this isnt a game of picture hunt. The following sas data step shows that the anydtdtew. Sas rounds hours and minutes that are based on the value of seconds in a sas time value. The numberoftheweek value is represented as a decimal number in the range 0153, with a leading 0 and maximum value of 53.
1147 1524 1465 894 1508 1406 1196 33 133 1116 1383 748 1127 876 509 17 234 946 726 281 1371 1001 887 1279 396 1428 642 764 461 1205 308 99